Огляд досліджень і технологічних підходів до розробки родовищ природних газів за водонапірного режиму
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2026-1(45)-42-59Ключові слова:
водонапірний режим, багатофазна фільтрація, неоднорідність, обводнення, регулювання газоводяного контакту, технології винесення рідини, підвищення газовилучення.Анотація
У статті узагальнено сучасні дослідження та інженерні підходи до розробки газових і газоконденсатних родовищ за водонапірного режиму. Розглянуто механізм защемлення газу за фронтом руху пластової води, особливості багатофазної фільтрації та чинники невизначеності, що впливають на прогнозування обводнення і вибір технологічних рішень. Проаналізовано технології впливу на пластову систему: прискорене зниження пластового тиску, спільний видобуток газу і води, нагнітання невуглеводневих газів та комбіновані підходи до залучення в розробку частини защемленого газу. Показано, що їх ефективність залежить від активності водоносної системи, неоднорідності колектора, розміщення свердловин, темпів відбору та достовірності гідродинамічної моделі. Окремо систематизовано технології роботи безпосередньо зі свердловинами: регулювання гирлового тиску, підбір діаметра ліфтової колони, швидкісні колони, плунжерний ліфт, газліфт, електровідцентрові насоси (ЕВН), поверхнево-активні речовини (ПАР), системи внутрішньосвердловинного розділення газу і води (DGWS) та ізоляцію припливу води. Встановлено, що ці методи переважно не усувають причину обводнення покладу, але можуть подовжити період стабільної експлуатації свердловин за умови коректного вибору з урахуванням стану свердловини, обсягів рідини, конструкції ліфтової колони та обмежень системи збору і підготовки продукції. Запропоновано систематизацію технологічних підходів за напрямом інженерного впливу, принципом дії, умовами застосування, очікуваним ефектом і ключовими обмеженнями. Сформовано діагностичну матрицю вибору напряму технологічного впливу залежно від характеру обводнення, імовірної причини припливу води та технічного стану свердловин. Визначено ключові невирішені проблеми, пов’язані з моделюванням руху води в неоднорідних пластах, прогнозуванням обводнення та умовами винесення рідини зі стовбура свердловини й вибою.
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