Comprehensive evaluation of threaded casing connection integrity under well conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2026-1(45)-42-59Keywords:
water‑drive mechanism, multiphase flow, heterogeneity, water encroachment, gas–water contact control, liquid‑loading mitigation, enhanced gas recovery.Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research and engineering practices related to the development of gas reservoirs under water‑drive conditions. The mechanisms governing gas and condensate trapping behind an advancing waterfront are summarized, followed by an overview of the evolution of multiphase‑flow modeling approaches and uncertainty‑quantification techniques that influence the reliability of water‑encroachment forecasts and reservoir‑management decisions. Particular emphasis is placed on reservoir‑intervention methods designed to delay water breakthrough and enhance ultimate gas recovery. The study evaluates the performance of accelerated blowdown strategies, gas–water co‑production, non‑hydrocarbon gas injection, and hybrid displacement schemes, drawing on numerical simulations, laboratory results, and documented field applications. These findings highlight the operational envelopes of each method as well as their limitations imposed by geological, technical, and economic factors. In addition, the paper reviews well‑optimization techniques including wellhead pressure management, tubing‑size selection, velocity strings, plunger‑lift and gas‑lift systems, electric‑submersible pumps, surfactant‑based deliquification, downhole gas–water separation systems, and water‑shutoff treatments and demonstrates that their success is strongly dependent on reservoir‑specific conditions and requires careful adaptation. The synthesis of available data allows identification of key outstanding challenges, such as modeling water movement in heterogeneous formations, understanding gas–liquid lifting mechanisms at low bottomhole pressures and high condensate content, and improving water‑encroachment prediction methods. These gaps indicate the need for further research aimed at reducing geological and operational uncertainties to support more efficient recovery of remaining gas reserves.
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