Features of impact-abrasive wear mechanisms and methods for assessing the wear resistance of machine parts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2026-1(45)-132-145Keywords:
impact‑abrasive wear, wear resistance, tribology, machine parts, abrasive particles.Abstract
The paper analyzes modern concepts of impact-abrasive wear mechanisms of materials operating under simultaneous action of impact loads and abrasive particles. It is shown that impact-abrasive wear is a complex multi-mechanism process that includes micro-cutting of the surface by abrasive particles, intensive plastic deformation of the subsurface layers, subsurface fatigue fracture, and delamination of the material surface layer. The stress–strain state of the material in the contact zone between abrasive particles and the surface of machine parts is considered, and the main factors influencing the wear intensity are determined. The operating conditions of typical machine parts subjected to impact-abrasive wear are analyzed. Such components include excavator buckets, crusher hammers, drill bits, drilling pump valves, and liners of crushing and grinding equipment. It is shown that the wear intensity of these parts is determined by the combined influence of impact loads, properties of the abrasive environment, and mechanical characteristics of the materials. The paper also summarizes modern methods for evaluating wear resistance of materials, including laboratory bench tests, field experiments, microstructural analysis of worn surfaces, and numerical modeling of wear processes. It is demonstrated that the combined use of experimental and computational methods allows improving the reliability of wear resistance evaluation and predicting the service life of machine parts operating under impact-abrasive conditions.
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