Improving the environmental safety of the D21A1 diesel engine by ensuring its operation on the gas-diesel cycle using biogas fuel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2026-1(45)-211-222Keywords:
engine, biogas, diesel fuel, technical and operational indicators, load.Abstract
The vast majority of gasoline internal combustion engines and some diesel engines are re-equipped to operate on gaseous fuel in order to reduce fuel costs. This, in turn, can create a number of difficulties associated with the low heat of combustion of untreated biogas, the presence of moisture and the toxicity of engines. The problem of low heat of combustion can be solved by cleaning biogas from unwanted components and moisture. To solve the issue of engine toxicity, there is a need to study the main environmental indicators of their operation during operation on biogas fuel. According to the results of our research, we have established that the excess air coefficient α has a significant impact on NOx emissions of the D21A1 engine. The best effective indicators are provided in this mode at α=1.2. With an increase in α from 0.9 to 1.2, the content, for example, of nitrogen oxides NOx in exhaust gases decreases by 18.6% when using diesel fuel and by 31.3% when using biogas fuel. Also in the course of research we have established that NOx emissions of the D21A1 diesel engine when operating on the gas-diesel cycle are lower on average by 21.9% compared to emissions on diesel fuel. The fuel injection advance angle also has a significant impact on NOx emissions. Thus, when the injection advance angle changes from 15 to 20ᵒ, emissions decrease by 13.2% when using diesel fuel and by 9.2% when using biogas fuel. The study also established that when the injection advance angle increases from 20 to 30ᵒ, NOx emissions increase by 14.1% when using
diesel fuel and by 8.9% when using biogas fuel. Therefore, according to this indicator, the optimal mode is achieved when the fuel injection advance angle increases by 20ᵒ. According to the results of the study of the change in
toxicity of the D21A1 engine depending on the load, it was found that with an increase in the load on the engine in the range from 6 to 18 kW, the volume of NOx emissions increases by 44.2% when using diesel fuel and by 40.4% when using biogas fuel. However, it can be noted that the emissions of the D21A1 engine during operation in dual-fuel mode under load are lower by 26.2% compared to operation on diesel fuel.
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