STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON POLYLACTIDE AND CARBON FILLERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2024-2(42)-99-106Keywords:
carbon nanotubes, thermally expanded graphite, polymer composites, thermophysical and mechanical properties, the degree of crystallinity.Abstract
Additive technologies are widely used in various areas of manufacturing. The main problem limiting their use is the insufficient level of physical, mechanical and operational properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different types of carbon fillers on the microstructure and functional properties of polymer compo-sites, which can be used in the future as filaments for 3D printing. The methods of optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical analysis were used to investigate the microstructure, thermophysical and mechanical properties of polymer composite systems based on polylactide and carbon fillers – carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and thermally expanded graphite (TEG). From the optical microscopy data, it was found that at a content of 0.5% for CNT and 1% for TEG in the system, a percolation transition is observed, in which clusters of filler particles permeate the entire volume of the material. Calorimetric studies show that the melting, cold crystallisation and glass transition temperatures, as well as the degree of crystallinity, reach minimum values at a filler content of 0.5% for CNT and 1% for TEG. It is the surface of the filler that has a decisive influence on the thermophysical properties of the composites studied. The maximally developed surface of the filler, which occurs during the formation of a percolation cluster, complicates the processes of movement of the macromolecules and prevents their formation of crystalline structures. The type and content of carbon filler also affects the mechanical strength of the resulting materials. When the percolation concentration of the filler is reached, the strength increases by about 30%, which makes the composite materials promising for use as filaments for additive tech-nologies.
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