Research on how the form of vibration affects the efficiency of the axial oscillation tool
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2025-2(44)-136-147Keywords:
axial oscillation tool; friction forces; vibrations; directional drilling; simulation modeling; Modelica.Abstract
The paper evaluates the effectiveness of using axial vibration generators in drill strings with different forms of excitation force. The relevance of the study is due to the need to overcome significant friction forces and increase the mechanical drilling speed of inclined and horizontal wells. The research was conducted on the basis of numerical modelling using a simulation model of the drill string developed in the Modelica environment. The drill string is represented as a composite rod with parameters distributed along its length, with an axial vibration generator installed in an inclined well filled with flushing fluid. A simplified (soft-string) model of the drill string was used for modelling. The viscous interaction between the string and the flushing fluid is taken into account, and contact with the wellbore walls is described using the Stribeck friction model. Six types of vibration shapes were considered: harmonic, triangular, trapezoidal, the sum of two synchronous harmonic components, as well as modified triangular and trapezoidal. The selected forms correspond to the typical operating characteristics of existing axial vibration generators or, according to the literature review, should provide increased efficiency in overcoming friction forces and can be technologically implemented. All variants were modelled at the same excitation force frequency. The signal amplitudes were selected so that the root mean square value was the same for all shapes, corresponding to equal energy costs for creating vibrations. The results of modelling for a section of the drill string located in an inclined well with an azimuth angle of 39° showed that the trapezoidal shape of the vibrations is the most effective. In general, a comparative analysis shows that the efficiency of the axial vibration generator increases with an increase in the RMS of the normalised function describing the vibration shape. Therefore, the most effective vibration shapes are those that are flatter (less pointed) and more energy-intensive, which contributes to better transmission of axial load and reduction of friction forces.
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